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Refinery application flow

The refinery large conveying pipeline system is hydrocarbon gas/steam flow, lightweight liquid gas/liquid flow, the heavier liquid flow throughout the refinery, water and steam.Through certification, reliable and accurate flow measurement is the key to the efficient operation of the refinery.

challenge

Flow alarm and continuous flow controller can control the product flow, when no flow due to blockage or valve closed state signal alarm, and prevent the pump cavitation phenomenon.Pump run in low flow or no flow conditions can make the seal overheat and burst, and lead to the danger of pressure and temperature deviation process.

Other applications

Catalyst container

Compounds can be converted to other compounds using chemical catalyst of catalytic method can improve the reaction rate.Before and after the reaction, chemical properties of catalysts did not change, can be mixed from the reaction product of recycling.Has 30 kinds of 50 kinds of the most commonly used chemicals are produced directly by catalysis.Challenges in the fluidized bed reactor - regenerator (FBRR), a liquid fast enough through the catalyst, a large amount of solid particles suspended in the fluid of movement, so that the particles with certain performance characteristics of the fluid.Measuring the reaction container must be with harsh process conditions.The finished product, and some used catalyst device needs to be level control.

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Catalytic stripping tower

Catalytic cracking selectivity of variants include used in the production of polypropylene group disintegration (SCC), for processing heavy resid double container outside the reactor, and for converting gasoline and residual oil raw material of UOP process.All cracking unit for steam stripping agent was used to remove the catalyst of hydrocarbons.Challenge the stripping tower level control should be allowed to steam have enough time to take off the hydrocarbons.It can also keep sufficient pressure to avoid air back into the reaction system of regenerator resulting in danger.Waste heat recovery steam pot also need monitoring.

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The catalytic cracking unit

Fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) will cheap heavy light hydrocarbon cracking raw material for high value, the light hydrocarbon can be used as a blending component of refined oil.Cracking unit can be used in gasoline and distillates or liquefied petroleum gas and other production areas.Challenges of catalytic cracking unit containing the reactor and regenerator catalyst, reaction occurred in the ascending pipe connects the two.Liquid level controller is usually placed at the top of the first stage of the regenerator and reactor.Level measurement in high temperature fluidized solid particles.The traditional measurement technology usually is conditioned by congestion.

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Catalytic reforming unit

Low octane naphtha catalytic reforming would turn into reforming gasoline of high octane number.Under the action of heat, pressure and catalyst, to rearrange the molecular structure of hydrocarbons in gasoline fractions, the process will be low octane number gasoline fraction into petroleum chemical raw materials and finished products of high octane number of gasoline fractions.Challenge is rich in hydrogen gas was isolated from the separator, recycling.In the bottom of the separator is monitoring the liquid products were sent to stability of the tower.Because of formed ammonium chloride and ferric salts in the stable tower, which polluted the stable tower, so also need a can monitor the water washing system.

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reboiler

Reboiler, or evaporator, is for the bottom of the distillation column to provide heat exchanger.They boil bottom liquid, produce steam, the steam back to the tower, to promote the distillation separation process.Reboiler can partially or completely evaporate from the bottom flow.Challenge the reboiler of excessive liquid (or at the bottom of the vent) will overflow baffle, so you need to baffle the liquid level is controlled by liquid level controller.If the reboiler level is too low, can affect can be pulled out at the bottom of the maximum flow of the product.Inaccurate reboiler level will also reduce the material balance control configuration of components.

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hydrodesulfurization

Catalytic hydrogenation process is liquid hydrocarbon in hydrogen environment treatment.This process can be removed in the feed 90% of the sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and metal impurities.Hydrotreating (HDAr) can also be used for hydrogenation aromatic saturation, heavy diesel oil hydrocracking (HDHDC), dewaxing, and improve the performance of the pyrolysis gasoline and diesel.Challenges in the hydrotreating process need for gas/liquid separator and water tank liquid level monitoring.Suitable for high temperature and high pressure environment of liquid level meter is the key to remove impurities.Because of impurities on the device, catalyst and an adverse effect on product quality.

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hydrocracking

The heavier material is hardly processed by catalytic cracking or restructuring, but can be by hydrocracking conversion.Through catalytic cracking and hydrogenated in the presence of hydrogen cracking raw material, mixed with the distillate hydrocracking produce gas flow.Now are using about a dozen different hydrocracking process.Challenge catalyst stripper, separator liquid and flash tank liquid level control must adapt to the harsh process conditions, to maintain the best running condition of the hydrocracking unit.These conditions include the rise in temperature and pressure, steam and high-pressure hydrogen, and corrosive liquid.

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Crude oil storage

After crude oil in refinery terminal, is pumped into the storage capacity of thousands to millions of gallons of oil tank on the ground.The tank is according to API standard, the scene of floating roof tank or a fixed roof tank.Relative to mechanical ball float and servo instrument, non-contact radar liquid level measurement with high precision, less maintenance, no moving parts and the characteristics of rapid setting, therefore occupy a larger share of the application.Challenges across the valve drive/adjustment to maintain the liquid level of tank.Level control可以通過觸發緊急中斷而防止溢出，當液位下降到低位時就關閉泵。由於原油的低閃點，有安全認證的控製器應該是必要的。

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Dehydration of crude oil

All of the unrefined crude oil stored in the tank contains a certain percentage of the water.When stored in the tank, can produce natural separation, and accumulate at the bottom of the tank.In addition to mix oil and water of emulsion in the "blackwater" or "fragments" interface layer, oil and water is an obvious difference of these two kinds of fluid.Accumulation of water discharge from the bottom of the tank, then transfer to water treatment.Challenges designed to detect the liquid level control device interface in the process of the drainage oil/water interface, once detected will provide feedback to the control system, control system will be terminated at the appropriate time drainage.

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Desalting of crude oil

Oil residue contained in brine salts can produce serious corrosion and fouling problem, must be removed.Desalination to remove salt and remaining free water.Place despite refinery is one of the most economic desalination, but think in terms of protecting pipe usually require in desalting treatment at the scene of the production.Challenge liquid level meter is a single-stage and two-stage desalination system, the settlement of perforated plate mixer and chemical demineralizer part of the pool.Interface level control to prevent free water desalination electrode, and prevent the high damage.Interface level should be kept constant, or the change of the electric field will interfere with coalescence.

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Acid tank

Alkylation is a process of synthesizing alkylate, alkylate is a kind of high-quality, high-octane mixture.A large acid tank in the unit can be isolated in the reactor to produce acid/hydrocarbon emulsifier.Glass level gauge is a traditional sedimentation tank liquid level measurement method, the disadvantage is that it is easy to jam, and needs regular wash.Challenges in the sedimentation tank liquid interface control is required.Finished product and acid cross pollution can affect the overall efficiency, and could lead to a dangerous situation.Inaccurate tank level indicator is led to the reactor to carry a common cause of acid in the effluent.The release of acid can cause great harm to processes and personnel.

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Reflux accumulator

Heat exchanger from the top of the fractionating column extraction steam, cooling to turn it into a liquid, and pump it into the accumulator (reflux tank).And the reflux pump extract liquid, from the bottom of the accumulator will be part of the pump (back) to back into the tower is relatively low.The reflow process by ensuring that the liquid flow down enough to satisfy the rising steam so as to improve the degree of separation of fractionating column.Challenges of precise and reliable level monitoring and control for reflow accumulator as reflux and fraction distribution point is necessary, and prevent the reverse flow of excess returns to the tower.

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Gas refineries desalting of crude oil

Unprocessed crude oil in the presence of inorganic chloride, suspended solids and trace metals, etc., must be through chemical or electrostatic desalting way to remove them.This reduces the downstream unit of acid corrosion, clogging, the risk of scaling and catalyst poisoning.Measuring desalination equipment in oil/water interface, will be cleaned of oil, separating from the pollutants is crucial.Challenges the sheath maerial of adhesion and hanging may cause interface measurement error.Susceptible to electrostatic interference instrument may require special filter.Special interface measurement of liquid level transmitter is equipped with fast plug sheath maerial can provide the best performance, at the same time reduce the time of cleaning and maintenance.

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isomerization

When isomerization under various process configuration change in the arrangement of the atom, isobutane n-butane can be converted to, is pentane and hexane into high octane number gasoline components.Isomerization and catalytic reforming, hydrocarbon molecules are rearranged, but isomerization can only be normal alkanes into isoparaffin.Challenges in close to the end of the process, the reactor effluent is cooled, and separated into liquid products of isomer and circulation hydrogen gas stream.Heterogeneous is after alkaline cleaning, washing, acid and stability, and then be stored.At the bottom of the stabilizer and cleaning tank level monitoring.

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Diesel fuel tank

Diesel generator set as backup power supply, under the condition of the power plant factory lost work with to provide emergency.Main diesel fuel tank can provide a full load operation of the generator to the seven days of fuel reserves.The main storage tank and a not more than 1000 gallons of indoor daily fuel tank is connected.Challenge the main tank often need with a remote transmitting fuel level gauge.Used to drive electric supply pump connected to the main tank to tank of fuel liquid level sensor will continue monitoring day.The day tank high level alarm will lock for the oil pump, until the liquid level back to normal.When the low level and critical low liquid level alarm will trigger the alarm and displayed on the system operation condition of low level.

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Solvent extraction

Crude distillation after the rest of the heavy fraction is called oil residue.All kinds of solvent extraction process will be generated from the residue deasphalted oil (DAO).The oil is downstream of the catalytic cracking unit and hydrocracking unit of raw materials.According to the system configuration, separator, flash, stripping tower and hot oil phase may contain in the buffer tank liquid level monitoring, flash tank, separator and stripping tower.Challenge level control is crucial, separator interface control to raw material into the flash tank, the liquid level control to raw material supply stripping tower and so on.Application of the existence of extreme conditions including high temperature, high pressure and steam, etc.

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The torch and vent pipe

Hydrocarbon gas is usually in the process of high temperature oxidation burning, burning combustible component of the wastes.Environmental law and relevant regulations on demand for oil and natural gas combustion gas accurate monitoring platform.This will need to use the meter to monitor exhaust gas.Challenges of sudden need to take into account the flow rate and low pressure and speed of change significantly.Based on the characteristics of low flow and high sensitivity range than, dispersive heat flow meter as the torch of the ideal instrument on the flow measurement applications.

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Alkylation tank

Alkylation unit of storage and cleaning the container including fresh and waste acid and water, acid analyzer setting tank, and several sink.Washing can release of free acid neutralization reaction area, and neutral net outflow of alkyl sulfate.Water will break down the rest of the ester, remove may have been caused by the etchant from alkaline and salt.Challenges in alkaline cleaning and washing of the interface control can prevent the corrosion of isobutane tower and other downstream units and pollution.High interface is higher than the set value will be out of the etchant or water, and the interface is too low will be out of the hydrocarbons.

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Coking operation

Coking is the transformation of atmospheric and vacuum distillation is the heaviest product quality of last resort.Feeding is heated and pyrolysis of light gas, petrol mixed materials, oil and diesel oil.Delay and continuous contact (or fluid) coking level applications include fractionator stripper, light diesel oil, steam, condensate, sewage, and precipitation barrels and exhaust separating tank.Challenges including liquid level meter must cope with the technological conditions of high temperature and high pressure, foam and steam.In blister easily installation interface level gauge helps avoid bubble carrying, and increase the production of coke drum.

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Distillation column

After desalting crude that enters the distillation tower, the hydrocarbons will be separated into different distillation section, division or fractions.In order to make the distillation tower best run, liquid level control must deal with foam, foaming and in high temperature condition.Challenge installed inside the outer cylinder glass level gauge and float level gauge can provide traditional liquid level measurement.But now, due to the radar to the maintenance request is not high, and easy to transform, within the existing outer barrel equipped with radar level gauge is more and more get the welcome of people.High temperature products must use high temperature resistant liquid level sensor.

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Distillation column

From the current 20 kinds of main selection of suitable separation method, separation technique depends on the nature of the chemicals, the number of fractions and the required capacity, speed and efficiency.Distillation, separation based on the difference of volatile substances, is the most widely used method for separation and purification.Today, the United States/chemical plant in the United States there are about 40000 distillation tower is running.Challenge to the bottom of the level measurement of control "bottom" ratio.Level control不好/不準可能會使液體回流到汽提塔盤上造成損壞並降低產量。液位太低可能會導致泵空化現象。在相關的萃取塔中，界麵控製確保了相關物質能處於最佳的分離狀態。

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Distillation column reboiler

Near the bottom part in reheating liquid for heat exchanger, the vaporization again, moving up to higher tray.By introducing more heat to the tower to improve the separation rate.In order to effectively reboiler process, need for liquid level monitoring of reboiler.Challenges in some steam reboiler, must control the liquid level, make it cover a percentage of heat exchange tube.This allows the control scheme by controlling the covered by the liquid of the reboiler in the percentage of the heat pipe to adjust the heat transfer process of reboiler.This is a key control circuit, because of the heat transfer to liquid is that these are covered in the main function of the heat pipe.

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Blending operation

Hybrid product gasoline switch need to blend, additives, online mixture of storage, dilution liquid level monitoring system and injection system.Harmonic material contained in the straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene and xylene.Additives including octane, metal of live agents, antioxidants and detonation agent, gum and corrosion inhibitor and detergent, etc.Challenge level measurement usually only used for control of the inventory, in some cases is used to trade the handover.To the accuracy requirement of the level indicator is not the same.If only used for internal inventory control, you can use the low precision of the measurement method.If it is used for custody transfer needs high precision measuring method.

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